Production planning and control in the supply chai

Production planning and control under the environment of enterprise supply chain management

under the environment of supply chain management, not only the information sharing mechanism of enterprises has changed greatly, but also the production planning and control of enterprises should change from time to time. So, what changes have taken place in the production planning and control of enterprises? What is its architecture? How can enterprises coordinate production planning and control based on supply chain to achieve real on-demand production? The following is a detailed introduction

the enterprise production plan is about the overall aspect of the production system. It reflects the production indicators, production progress and corresponding arrangement of product varieties, quality, output and output value that the enterprise should achieve in the planning period. It is a programmatic plan to guide the production activities of the enterprise in the planning period. Production planning refers to the specific preparation of production plans. It will complete the determination of production plan through a series of comprehensive balancing work. We design the production planning system to continuously improve the level of production planning and provide an optimized production plan for the operation of the production system of industrial enterprises. The object of production control is the production process, which is a branch of the micro level in the economic control system. Its economic activity elements mainly include people, materials, equipment, funds and information. On the one hand, these elements are distributed in all departments and links of the enterprise, on the other hand, they are changing all the time, so the production planning and control system of the enterprise is the core activity of enterprise management

now, the idea of supply chain management poses a great challenge to the production planning and control mode of enterprises, because it requires enterprise decision makers to change their thinking mode, that is, from the traditional and closed vertical thinking mode to the horizontal and open thinking mode. Therefore, the production planning and control in the supply chain environment must be different from the traditional production planning and control

production planning and control should change from time to time

- traditional production planning and control only involve a single enterprise; In the supply chain management environment, the production plan of enterprises is no longer just around the enterprise, but expanded, involving upstream and downstream enterprises, such as suppliers, distributors, retailers and so on

- the traditional production planning and control aims at the optimal allocation of internal resources of enterprises; In the new environment, the production planning and control of enterprises can no longer only focus on the effective use of internal resources, but also include the resources of other upstream and downstream related enterprises

- the traditional production planning and control has a very low degree of information sharing. Previously, the information of enterprises mainly involves the interior of enterprises, and all information is scattered. Enterprises are often "information islands" between enterprises, which do not make full use of information resources; In today's fierce competitive environment, this situation is very dangerous. Enterprises should not only stretch the internal information to a certain elongation or to a regular load at a certain speed, but also share information in an all-round way among enterprises in the whole supply chain

- in the supply chain, the constraints of enterprise production planning are more relaxed than traditional ones. In addition to capacity constraints, material constraints, demand constraints, transportation resource constraints, and financial capital constraints, supplier resource constraints and distribution resource constraints should also be considered

- the traditional production plan deviates greatly from the customer's demand. The bullwhip effect of information transmission makes the production plan of the enterprise different from the customer's demand, which often shows great volatility

- traditional production planning is a centralized decision-making based on "control right", which is a production decision-making in a single enterprise. The decision-making scheme and the corresponding plan are mandatory and must be implemented; In the supply chain environment, various enterprises are independent of each other and cannot be directly controlled, and enterprises need more negotiation mechanisms to carry out production planning

- the traditional information feedback mechanism of production planning and control is a linear feedback mechanism. Information is transmitted from one department to another, and from the bottom to the top; Supply chain management is a kind of networking management. The transmission of production plan information is not only along the enterprise, but also along different nodes in the supply chain

the overall model of production planning and control in SCM environment

compared with traditional production planning and control, the formulation of production planning and control in supply chain is very complex. Traditional enterprise production planning is centered on the material requirements of an enterprise, which lacks coordination with suppliers. The actual situation of suppliers and distributors is not taken into account in enterprise planning. Uncertainty has a great impact on inventory and service levels, and inventory control strategies are difficult to play a role. In the supply chain environment, the production planning and control of an enterprise involves multiple enterprises located in the supply chain. It is not only necessary to consider the internal of an enterprise, but also to carry out comprehensive optimization control from the whole supply chain, jump out of the production management boundary centered on the material requirements of an enterprise, fully understand the needs of users, coordinate with suppliers in operation, and realize information sharing and integration, Drive customer-oriented production planning with customer-oriented demand, and obtain flexible and agile market response ability. Since it is more difficult for enterprises to coordinate with each other than within enterprises, when planning and implementing control by pressing the oil pump start button at this time, it cannot be integrated according to the traditional information mode. It is necessary to integrate information around the needs of customers on the basis of considering the characteristics of enterprises in the supply chain as a whole. At the same time, in order to ensure the synchronization and real-time responsiveness of production, there should also be a set of production coordination mechanism and control system for real-time tracking and information feedback to all enterprises in the supply chain

therefore, the establishment of a new overall model of production planning and control to adapt to the supply chain management environment is the requirement of the production management mode of global supply chain management enterprises to adapt to the global manufacturing environment

this model is based on Professor Ma Shihua's model, which reflects the integration of supplier information, retailer and distributor information and core enterprise information in the supply chain, and acts together on enterprise production planning and control. Its main tasks are as follows:

- core enterprises share information, integrate and exchange data with suppliers, retailers and distributors through internet/intranet/edi

- it can be produced by itself, otherwise it can be outsourced to appropriate suppliers. Outsourcing enterprises feed back their production plans and production progress to the information sharing platform of the supply chain and transmit them to core enterprises

- when an enterprise decides to produce by itself, it should generate its own master production plan according to its own capacity status. Then the enterprise material demand plan is formulated by the master production plan, the production schedule of outsourced parts and the dynamic bill of materials (BOM), and then the workshop plan of the enterprise is generated based on this, and the cost accounting is carried out, and the obtained information is returned to the cost analysis department; The information of self-made production progress will be fed back to the shared information platform of the supply chain for upstream and downstream enterprises to share

- the purchase plan of outsourced parts is jointly formulated by the material demand plan and the inventory status of outsourced parts, and is fed back to the supplier of outsourced parts, and the supplier modifies the production progress of outsourced parts accordingly

- the real-time inventory status of goods generates dynamic product sales plans, integrates these real-time information into the integrated information platform of the supply chain, monitors and adjusts production, and reflects it in the production plan of the enterprise as soon as possible

this model deepens the information of upstream and downstream enterprises into every link of the plan, effectively applies this information to the production plan of the enterprise, monitors the difference between supply and demand in real time, reduces the fluctuation range between them, and thus reduces the fluctuation range of the whole supply chain. The supply capacity of the enterprise's suppliers has an impact on the formulation of the enterprise's production plan. Enterprises need to formulate their own production plan according to the supplier's production capacity. When the enterprise's customer demand changes, the enterprise needs to respond in time to reduce the fluctuation expansion caused by the demand change, and it needs to immediately reflect it to the upstream suppliers. In this case, real-time monitoring and adjustment are indispensable. On the basis of informatization, this kind of real-time monitoring and adjustment can be realized, so that the production planning and control system can better adapt to the complex and changeable market needs oriented by customers. Production planning and control are more flexible and effective to adapt to production in the context of supply chain management

characteristics of production planning and control in SCM environment

collaboration

supply chain management is based on the "competition cooperation coordination" mechanism and is guaranteed by the integrated cooperation and coordination of distributed enterprises. The decision-making of enterprises is no longer limited to the framework of individual enterprises. Each enterprise is independent and interdependent. As mentioned above, in the supply chain environment, the decision-making of enterprises must be mutually negotiated. The purpose of coordinating the supply chain is to make the transmission of information in the supply chain more efficient and effective, reduce the occurrence of production inconsistent with actual demand due to information distortion, so that the whole supply chain can focus on the needs of customers, keep pace, and quickly respond to changes in market demand

the sources of production planning and decision-making information of enterprises in the supply chain are no longer limited to one enterprise, but also from different enterprises in the supply chain. In such an open environment, enterprises focus on the main line of customer demand, and then find the verticality of oil cylinders to exchange information and share data between them, so as to ensure the consistency between their plans, so that enterprises in the same supply chain can effectively cooperate and control. This is mainly achieved through the information sharing platform in the supply chain. On this platform, the information from enterprises in the whole supply chain is integrated, and the production plans of various enterprises are adjusted cooperatively. Moreover, this information platform changes in real time around customer needs, and enterprises can constantly update their production plans according to this information platform. And this information platform can deal with enterprises through negotiation when they encounter special situations

with the change of environment and the progress of the times, the role of enterprises in the supply chain is also changing. Enterprises are no longer just a single role. An enterprise often plays multiple roles. Therefore, enterprises can understand each other and cooperate faster and better on the basis of considering common interests, so as to achieve a win-win situation and improve the competitive advantage of the whole supply chain

real time feedback of information

enterprises can't work together to produce around customer needs without real-time feedback of information. The real-time feedback of information makes the production of enterprises and the relationship between supply and demand synchronized, eliminates the impact of uncertainty on the supply chain, and ensures the coordination of production of upstream and downstream enterprises

first, the enterprise converts the customer's demand information into the enterprise's order information, and all business activities within the enterprise and other enterprises in the supply chain are carried out around this order. The real-time feedback of information runs through all production links of enterprises in the supply chain. Through the real-time feedback of information, enterprises can comprehensively supervise, coordinate and inspect their orders in the process of production planning and control, and effectively plan the completion date and work of orders